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L8y} 0e0e     A@  A1 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||s " 0e@        @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abP33ff@33I  g4KdKdAS 0ppp@ <4BdBd@k 0t>Sg4KdKdjS 0p paʚ;ʚ;<4dddd@l 0@r0___PPT10 2___PPT9/ 0?, A-O =DF"OObject-Oriented Software Object-Oriented Technology in Aviation (OOTiA) Survey P69 Software Conference Norfolk, Virginia July 27, 2005 ,:6 OOTiA Survey Background*  JThe FAA kicked off an effort to develop internal training for ACO engineers, other FAA technical folks (and eventually SW DERs) involved with software approvals The training effort kick-off coincided with the release of the OOTiA Handbook and the training was to address both OO techniques generally as well as Handbook issues As the training developed, more and more applicants were becoming aware of the Handbook and its potential strengths and liabilities To provide a qualitative sense of perspective, a survey was developed and distributed (via the FAA s e-mail database) to determine where the industry might be in terms of maturity and familiarity with the Handbook ,d #OOTiA Survey Nature of the Survey4$  [The survey had twenty-one questions intended to solicit information in the following major areas via short answers: Are you using OO techniques today and if so, at what software level and what language(s)? If you are utilizing inheritance and dynamic dispatch, how are you dealing with verification issues? How are things going and have the certification authorities been involved? What would you like to see in terms of tools developed by third-party suppliers? How has (or has not) the Handbook been useful? What improvements could be made in terms of the Handbook or other guidance material? Btdt -OOTiA Survey Nature of the Survey Responses4.  \There were twenty-six respondents with three respondents deferring on providing input  respondents with inputs included the following: Aircraft OEMs (all major OEMs in both Europe and US represented) Avionics suppliers (all major US and Canadian suppliers represented) Consulting DERs Third-party development and verification organizations In some cases, there were multiple responses from different organizations of the same corporation  ironically, the responses were very different across each organizational entity of the same parent corporation Reponses ranged from  evidently well informed to  I almost know how to spell OO with a number of responses somewhere in-between `ddWddXf2OOTiA Survey Survey and Presentation Limitations23  $The survey cannot be considered a scientific poll  no true sampling was achieved Respondents did not always appear to be fully cognizant of some OO terminology that was used (Did the right people complete the survey?) The results compiled for this presentation were quantized whereas actual responses were typically in the form of short answers  there could be some variability in how the quantization was performed  Raw survey results, sanitized for company names and so on, will be placed on the SC-205 website @dcddcfOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4  - Are you using OO languages in your programs? .d-OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4   d What OO language do you use predominately? (Note: Several respondents utilized both Ada and C++)"e/6X OOTiA Survey Survey Responses<   J Are any of the applications being developed using OO at Level B or above?KKOOTiA Survey Survey Responses<   u What is the criticality level (A, B, C, D, E) of the majority of your applications that are utilizing OO techniques?vuOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4   A Have you had an issue paper or CRI issued against the OO effort?BAOOTiA Survey Survey Responses<    Have you had active certification authority involvement in your program or have the certification authorities performed a review on the OO aspects of your program? dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses2    Are you utilizing inheritance and dynamic dispatch in your implementation? If not, did you avoid inheritance and dynamic dispatch intentionally? If you chose to avoid inheritance and dynamic dispatch, if possible, please provide your rationale.VdKFeOOTiA Survey Survey Responses2   ] What software levels are you developing that use inheritance and dynamic dispatch (A,B,C,D)? ^d]OOTiA Survey Survey Responses2    If you are using inheritance and dynamic dispatch, did you consider the information presented in Volume 3 of the OOTiA Handbook for inheritance and dynamic dispatch (substitutability guidelines)? dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    If you are using inheritance and dynamic dispatch for levels A, B, or C, are you using a  flattened class approach for testing and structural coverage analysis, or are you pursuing another means of verification such as structural coverage at the assembly language level combined with demonstrating dispatch tables are fully covered via test? XdWOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    For OO work involving inheritance and dynamic dispatch at levels B and C, are you ensuring compiler generated dispatch tables, or their equivalent, are being covered via requirements based tests?OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    Do you feel you have good tool support for verification issues surrounding inheritance and dynamic dispatch? If not, what would you like to see made commercially available?dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    What types of tools do you use with your OO work to reduce manual verification effort (e.g., lint type tools, type and interface checkers, language construct checkers, assertion checkers, and so on)?"dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    For the portions of your design that are OO, are you using OO techniques from systems analysis through implementation or do you introduce OO techniques somewhere downstream of systems analysis work? If you are willing to share, at what point do you transition to OO techniques?dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4   ~ Have traceability issues been difficult to deal with, and if so, what would you do differently to reduce traceability issues? d~ OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    Have you defined a  safe subset of the computer language you have chosen to use? (In this context,  safe subset could mean prohibiting the use of constructs or techniques that make OO applications difficult to verify  concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, nested template classes, dynamic object creation and so on.) HdG OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    If you develop OO software at multiple criticality levels, do you vary your requirements, design and/or coding standards based on the criticality level? d OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    Have you found that you have needed to develop specific standards(requirements, design, code, or even test) that help you control your OO processes?d OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    If you started a new program today, would you use OO techniques to see the program to completion or would you stick with a straight procedural approach? Would your answer vary according to the criticality level?d OOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    Has the OOTiA Handbook been useful to you? (If yes, in what ways? If no, what should be examined for improvement?) Note, there is an RTCA/EUROCAE committee/subgroup (SC-205) looking at OO techniques - the results of this survey will be made available to that subgroup. dOOTiA Survey Survey Responses4    What additional comments would you like to make about OO techniques in the realm of software development and verification for commercial aviation applications?d Responses were widely varied  a common theme seemed to be:  OO is here to stay  good guidance needs to be developed as soon as possible; SW level modulation and DO-178B-like objectives should also be a part of that guidance 0<ddf-OOTiA Survey Possible Survey Interpretation6.  OO techniques are here to stay but may not be as prevalent at higher software levels as initially thought Most applicants are being quite conservative in terms of utilizing inheritance with dynamic dispatch OO verification techniques, in some cases, may need further improvement Certification authorities appear to be involved a little over half the time  more involvement may be beneficial The OOTiA Handbook is useful but could be improved Software level modulation for guidance or guideline material may be helpful Objectives versus, or in conjunction with, a series of training chapters may be desirable Tooling support could be improved in the areas of compiler generated functionality  e.g. inheritance, dispatch tables, templates and so ondHdqd3djeHq3/GP   0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dZ@z? " dZ@  @" `  n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>  >  L0 @ N(     `dSxaxa1 ?"p@p S ? 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H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.|^M  0L0 (  r  S p@p   r  S ԍ     0 6A ?pI  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.v0:  0L0 "(  r  S ęp@p   r  S 0     # lA  ? 1?"6@ NNN?NP@i  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.xs("   0L0 d\(  r  S 4p@p   r  S  P   0 6A  ?   >  Z< 1?"6@ NNN?N k  vD(Note: Some respondents are working with multiple software levels)EEH  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.y@I  0L0 0(  r  S p@p   r  S X`0    0 6A  ?@  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.|6  0L0 P(  r  S p@p   r  S 0    0 6A ?p  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.}]1  0L0 p (  r  S p@p   r  S `     0 6A ?  c   Z 1?"6@ NNN?N`  cMost frequent rationale provided was to simplify verification and/or lower Cert Authority concernsddfH  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.@ҼC  0L0 +(  r  S Hp@p   r  S `    0 6A ?@  u  Z 1?"6@ NNN?Np 0  uNote: There were some minor inconsistencies across responses in the general area of inheritance and dynamic dispatchvvfH  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.1V  0L0 >(  r  S p@p   r  S h`    0 6A ??    Z0 1?"6@ NNN?N . 0 `For the  no responses, the following rationale was provided: OOTiA provided no guidance for meeting the objectives of DO-178B Made use of FAA white papers Level D; n/aD? -$-.-fH  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.S:  0L0  "(  r  S  @p@p   r  S 4A0      # lA ? 1?"6@ NNN?N0`  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.ZD  0L0 ,(  r  S D]p@p   r  S Pd`0   v  Ze 1?"6@ NNN?N  vOne interesting response:  Not required for level B and C <<f 0 6A ?p  H  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.ږ`  0L0 H(  r  S zp@p   r  S z``    0 6A ?    Z| 1?"6@ NNN?N FY  Most cited  needed tools are tools to ensure compiler supplied code (e.g., dispatch tables) is fully covered  Yes responses correlate to sophisticated developers having well-defined language subsetsfH  0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.0#  0L0 0 (   r   S 0p@p   r   S      0 6A ?   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