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D,{\+2.FJ*lxSjجE*$vuyߍ ?uX;Obr6΄(ytw4o+6&!z:< 2 JydD[OkTJ-ZkK ԓb TV3Ez%sb2_T'\WWiH^&|׏ˋWvRRY Ι9#ZXge`5cYޜ* iӤCNAb<`.t +èh!vmx=LUU{sx{Z#N[ ,Rd"7F:&+ʹrp4 )G=tF'Fc$`?gyw,nQGЛqf6c  VQNfljB*S g#pX^s-m8F^,ه3X?*>>+qHΧDrd!R*ZyIPȯ&*V?RIT)B It>YK=rutJJnurV-iCV9Vr_dbՄd].)᜜ G2eA=]LK1].)r!Bƹ\8J-1b7u~:.z :KcQ >΢zpUX b7ԋ;8G*_b؀Z!`k(Es N|KUv7Gl4|̳f\V2p+fg8SL3s1ݜ||_2mnZF`(CPvTM*QvAA]TNmj=^T,~]oT A$ %d 19a# (Ŋ9^o;{;R, A<=~<)Ig;z QHۺDhZܞՋ_y1GO̘<12-PgQDg5$]c(ԦQ_.ԣRFoh+KLjωe,b3SX4 D t:v}pxq,gp:g q|n;o58dP"Kg9,`2qS369)|M~>ʜi N ]uR8:R:eϡv*-M{o!E{3lN.{Kx/A= L`]SZeys_ VQ[:1(@ /0(  0;[0 0 000$([\{b00 000000000  0=] 0 0 0000 2 3 !A0C0E0G0I0c00000000000000000!%),.:;?]}acdeghijklmnop0DTimes New Roman;O0Wo 0<DArialNew Roman;O0Wo 0<" DWingdingsRoman;O0Wo 0<0DCourier Newman;O0Wo 0<1g .@  @@``  @n?" dd@  @@`` $b   '       ! /X2$#{b2$ 2$IoE5)9ZoJ # lAA1? =O(AAAQ@8  g42d2d0jppp@ <4BdBd 0L&? %&$ +Perspectives of the Role of a Software DER,, ,  kpresented at 2005 National Software and Complex Electronic Hardware Standardization Conference by Tom RothllDefinition of perspective   Tperspective  2 a : the interrelation in which a subject or its parts are mentally viewed b: the capacity to view things in their true relations or relative importance. F EJ   *Perspectives of the role of a Software DER++XLet s start by saying there are company DERs and consultant DERs. Are the perspectives of all company DERs alike? Are the perspectives of all consultant DERs alike? <DiA eP()1 N(xFirst let s look at the more simple case of the company DER  =;JWhat perspectives can affect the role of the company software DER: Is the DER the supervisor of the group which performs the work? Is the DER in the group which is preparing the DO-178B artifacts? Is the DER not the supervisor, nor a member of the group producing the DO-178B artifacts but resides at the site where the work is being performed? Has the DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? Is the DER resident at the site where the DO-178B artifacts are being produced? How familiar is the DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts?C K*Perspectives of the role of a Software DER++Next let s look at the more complex case of the consultant software DER. What perspectives can affect the role of the consultant software DER: These perspective are so complex in my mind that I have to consider this to be a two dimensional problem. I will address these two dimensions, one at a time. The first dimensions I want to address is  Who has employed the consultant software DER? : -Who has employed the consultant software DER?~Did the FAA, themselves, hire the consultant to act in their behalf (more of this is happening now than in the past with the  FAA same to down-sizing. )? Did an air framer hire the consultant to help them with a TC or STC or to check the TSO data of a supplier? Did a TSO applicant hire the consultant? Did a Reused Component supplier hire the consultant to help provide the appropriate artifacts to a TSO applicant or a TC, STC or PMA applicant? /What perspectives does the consultant DER have?0n0(The other dimension is much like the company DER s perspective, with a slightly different slant: Did the consultant DER also supervise the work associated with the DO-178B artifacts? Did the consultant DER also help in preparing the DO-178B artifacts? Was the consultant DER not involved in the supervision or development of the DO-178B artifacts? Has the consultant DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? How familiar is the consultant DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts? Ba oa-W)0More detail for the perspective of a company DER11Is the DER the supervisor of the group which performs the work? Is the DER in the group which is preparing the DO-178B artifacts? Is the DER not the supervisor, nor a member of the group producing the DO-178B artifacts but resides at the site where the work is being performed? Has the DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? Is the DER resident at the site where the DO-178B artifacts are being produced? How familiar is the DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts? X*-More detail perspectives for a consultant DERWho hired the consultant DER? Did the FAA, themselves, hire the consultant to act in their behalf (more of this is happening now than in the past with the  FAA same to down-sizing. )? Did an air framer hire the consultant to help them with a TC or STC or to check the TSO data of a supplier? Did a TSO applicant hire the consultant? Did a Reused Component supplier hire the consultant to help provide the appropriate artifacts to a TSO applicant or a TC, STC or PMA applicant? Z+.What perspective does the consultant DER have?Did the consultant DER also supervise the work associated with the DO-178B artifacts? Did the consultant DER also help in preparing the DO-178B artifacts? Was the consultant DER not involved in the supervision or development of the DO-178B artifacts? Has the consultant DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? How familiar is the consultant DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts? \-Evaluate your own perspectives!It is the responsibility of each Software DER to create the environment and situation which permits him/her to best perform their job. Some things you may consider are: As DERs it is important that we present to the FAA, to the best of our ability, clear, concise and succinct plans which meet the spirit of DO-178B. As DERs it is important that we develop the ability to switch hats as the circumstances require permitting us to find and establish compliance DO-178B. Your Software DER task does not always permit perfect independence but is needs to permit sufficient independence. Each of us needs to be attentive, so that we do not put ourselves in circumstances which could permit us to compromise our ethics. X P%P% ?Q,].LastlyWhat would a reasonable person do in this circumstance? In the end, always be prepared for your family to fly, with your confidence, in the equipment you help certify.  /4*+,-./VY^ _!a"PF  ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dP@? " xZ@ =lwdB d  n?" dZ(9 99VVrrPR     ` `n6p>> VN ( cbP9:g, ^  61?.   `TOxaxa1 ?Y O N#1 Title  28 Pt. Arial Bold Title Case((    ZOxaxa1 ?Kp O ZBullet level  24 pt. Arial bold sentence case Second level  20 pt. Arial bold sentence case Third level  18 pt. Arial bold sentence case//.     TOxaxa1?Mh { 32005 FAA Software and Hardware Conference July 2005&4Z*   4  '  TܦOxaxa1?D;j %Perspectives of the role of DERs.ppt &&Z% 4        XB  01?p  HA1?.B  s *޽h ? a( $honeywell_template  ~0 (( py@E@ (^  ( 61? 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( 0 { ( ?X X  C XK   {  S o M*   I want to concentrate not so much on the role of a software DER as presented in Supplement 2 of the Job Aid but on his or her perspectives of the particular role of the software DER.$ -  H  0.k ? a(  0 0>( 0  X  C U K     S X M*   @Most people in our industry would answer  yes to both of these questions, but the more I see and view these perspectives the answer becomes a resounding  no! Let me explain the perspectives of the role of the software DER as I am beginning to view them. $ BH  0.k ? a( 0 P( 0  X  C XK     S Y M*    H  0.k ? a(  0 @(  @ X  C XK   J  S TJ M*  J  H  0.k ? a( 0 `( v X  C XK     S  M*    H  0.k ? a( 0 p:( a( X  C XK     S  M*   <( H  0.k ? a(( 0 @(  X  C XK     S  M*    H  0.k ? a() 0 (  X  C XK     S ) M*   Let s examine some of these perspectives a little closer to better understand how a Software DER can best fulfill his/her role. First, let s look at the company DER perspectives: Is the DER the supervisor of the group which performs the work? This is a preferred practice for some ACOs. This individual is already responsible for the work and familiar with it and he/she has an interest in the work products being correct and having as few as defects as possible. Is the DER in the group which is preparing the DO-178B artifacts? This is a preferred practice for some ACOs. This individual is already familiar with the work and he/she have an interest in the work products being correct and having as few as defects as possible. Is the DER not the supervisor, nor a member of the group producing the DO-178B artifacts but resides at the site where the work is being performed? This is a preferred practice by some ACOs. They feel that it has the best of both worlds, some familiarity and some independence. Has the DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? Some have the opinion that a DER s tasks are best performed by someone who has experience with the work and work products themselves. They feel consul is best received from someone who has been there. Is the DER resident at the site where the DO-178B artifacts are being produced? A typical hope of most ACOs delegating responsibility is that the person to whom the delegation is being made is more familiar with the work and the workers than the FAA representatives themselves. How familiar is the DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts? A DER often likes to establish a trust between themselves and the people producing the DO-178B artifacts. The concept being that the DER cannot review every work product, only representative samples, and therefore establishing trust in the developers is an important goal.FFBFFFFVFFPFFLFF  B    V   P  L  bW H  0.k ? a(80___PPT10.,0i* 0 d\(  X  C XK   \  S ( M*   Next, let s look at the consultant DER perspectives in more detail: The first dimensions I want to address is  Who has employed the consultant software DER? : Did the FAA, themselves, hire the consultant to act in their behalf (more of this is happening now than in the past with the  FAA same to down-sizing. )? This can be a tough assignment? Typically, this DER is acting directly on the behalf of an FAA representative. The DER should take the same role that the FAA representative would take in the situation being addressed. It may be necessary for the FAA representative to more careful define roles in this situation, and make sure all the parties involved understand the roles as specified and defined. Did an air framer hire the consultant to help them with a TC or STC or to check the TSO data of a supplier? Typically the software DER will be finding compliance to DO-178B. However, it often helps to know where the DO-178B compliance requirement was derived from. And, when many instruments are included in a system, how is the integration of all these instruments assured? Are other DERs involved in approvals or recommend for approvals of various single instruments in the set of instruments to be integrated? Did a TSO applicant hire the consultant? This situation is often the case when a TSO applicant does not have software DERs on their staff. These consultant DERS then have some of the company DER perspectives discussed hereinbefore. Did a Reused Component supplier hire the consultant to help provide the appropriate artifacts to a TSO applicant or a TC, STC or PMA applicant? In the application of AC 20-148  Reusable Software Components many RCS Developers are hiring software DERs to help them through this potentially tedious process. The issues here vary widely, dependent upon the Integration and Application scenario to which the component applies.PPPlPP)PPPP   l  )     >OfH  0.k ? a(80___PPT10.-Pm+ 0 F>(  X  C XK   O>  S  M*  O  The other dimension is much like the company DER s perspective, with a slightly different slant: Did the consultant DER also supervise the work associated with the DO-178B artifacts? This has the advantage of familiarity with the work being performed and the desire to minimize the resultant defects. Did the consultant DER also help in preparing the DO-178B artifacts? This has the advantage of familiarity with the work being performed and the ability to minimize the resultant defects. Was the consultant DER not involved in the supervision or development of the DO-178B artifacts? This has the advantage of independence. Familiarity with the work products and personnel can be obtained by review of the audits or review of the work products themselves as driven by the criticality and previous knowledge of the domain or development staff. Has the consultant DER ever produced DO-178B artifacts of the nature being reviewed or approved? Some have the opinion that a DER s tasks are best performed by someone who has experience with the work and work products themselves. They feel consul is best received from someone who has been there. This helps the consult DER obtain the trust of the development staff he/she is working with. How familiar is the consultant DER with the personnel producing the DO-178B artifacts? If the software DER does not have the luxury of extended contact with the applicant, it is then necessary to assess the DO-178B artifacts by any and all means available. This is often obtained by following the SOI audits as defined in the Software Job Aid and its supplements.aPVPvPEPwP`PPaP(PWPPa V v E w `   a  ( W  ,-sH  0.k ? a(80___PPT10..P. 0 KC(  X  C XK   C  S l M*   There are many aspects of these perspectives that I have not discussed. From time to time, I find it helpful to sometimes stand back from the details of all the stuff we do and ask:  H  0.k ? a(80___PPT10.4pfr@n@QDB1UH <uF@MJ NOQ*`^aewgKikN-LVPmS2Vn^X\@Z\waE aLOh+'0\     $,No Slide Title.ppt templateThomas C. Roth+on screen power point template / Honeywelli=Honeywell approved template with minimum user hints and tipst 4CC:\Program Files\microsoft office\Templates\honeywell_template.pot air140kfm F161Microsoft PowerPoint 4.0t o@ >۔@50>@~@PGg  H& &&#TNPP2OMie & TNPP &&TNPP    --- !---(--- !H---&;.  --&      . -- 0$       Z )v J  <K j$3XXXX,ZBfk / O k` @ @ h  ] 4  n9o@ a.9n|p fb,]:]D]IZ$  AA $  UU J$#s@_D@s.Nt'LkJ$#kL'tN.&WBXW&$ ))kkV$)55 .Da~%6DK.N<PIPRPUPthNw3U'D)3,'38?FNU5$O ( ; N a u    ! < V l  s a N ;   \5 ` {  F  B  Dr( '  ^   \ A b mz   x l ^ 1R @E I9 Q5 S5 S9 I> =A 1C "A < 5 +             ( (2$ Z)e0-4<7K:j$3,Bk!Oxk@ @hR$Q(o@ a.(Q ,:DI'--'&--)`--j}w@ m}ww0- @"Arialw@/ }ww0- .2 Y presented at  . .02 2005 National Software and     "  . .12 Complex Electronic Hardware &     " . ..2 Standardization Conference   . .2 V by Tom Rotht & .--XH-- @"Arialw@ x}ww0- .%2 Perspectives of the 0((,(('((,,(. .(2 XRole of a Software DER4,(,(0,:((404.--"System 0-&TNPP &՜.+,0    On-screen Show -sh   Times New RomanArial Wingdings Courier Newhoneywell_template,Perspectives of the Role of a Software DERDefinition of perspective +Perspectives of the role of a Software DER=First lets look at the more simple case of the company DER +Perspectives of the role of a Software DER.Who has employed the consultant software DER?0What perspectives does the consultant DER have?1More detail for the perspective of a company DER.More detail perspectives for a consultant DER/What perspective does the consultant DER have? 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